What term describes the movement of heat energy through fluids in currents?

The term that describes the movement of heat energy through fluids in currents is convection. This process occurs when warmer, less dense fluid rises and cooler, denser fluid sinks, creating a cycle of movement. As the fluid moves, it carries heat energy with it, effectively distributing thermal energy throughout the fluid. This is commonly observed in natural phenomena such as ocean currents or atmospheric winds, as well as in everyday situations like boiling water, where hot water rises and cooler water sinks.

Convection is distinct from the other terms, as conduction refers to heat transfer through direct contact between materials, radiation involves the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves (like sunlight), and diffusion pertains to the spreading of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.