What term describes the amount of water vapor that air is holding compared to the maximum it can hold at a specific temperature?

The term that best describes the amount of water vapor that air is holding relative to the maximum it can hold at a specific temperature is relative humidity. Relative humidity is expressed as a percentage, indicating how much moisture is present in the air compared to the total amount of moisture the air can hold at that temperature. Warmer air can hold more water vapor than cooler air, so relative humidity takes temperature into account to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the air's moisture content.

In contrast, absolute humidity refers to the actual amount of water vapor in the air, measured in grams of water vapor per cubic meter of air, without considering temperature. Specific humidity measures the mass of water vapor per unit mass of air and is not tied to the idea of maximum capacity at a given temperature. The term condensed humidity is not a standard term used in meteorology, which focuses instead on established definitions such as relative and absolute humidity.