What describes the condition of the atmosphere at a specific time and place?

The condition of the atmosphere at a specific time and place is best described as weather. Weather encompasses various short-term atmospheric conditions, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, and visibility, that occur in a particular area at a given moment. This definition captures the dynamic nature of weather, which can change from hour to hour or day to day.

In contrast, climate refers to the long-term average of weather patterns in a particular region over an extended period, typically 30 years or more. While air pressure and humidity are components that contribute to weather, they do not encompass the broader range of atmospheric conditions that weather describes. Therefore, the most accurate term for describing the instantaneous state of the atmosphere is weather.